2004 Shows
A monthly radio
magazine devoted to covering major issues in public health.
Produced and hosted by Dr. Marvin Malek, with Dr. Andy Coates, Dr. Gerald Zahavi, and Elaine Hills.
To listen to our archived and most recent programs, simply
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Program
#47 (December 2004) From
the Public Health Radio Archives: a re-broadcast of "THE
HEALTH CARE SAFETY NET, PART ONE: THE FREE CLINICS IN THE
STATE OF VERMONT: ACHIEVEMENTS AND REMAINING CHALLENGES IN
PROVIDING HEALTH CARE FOR THE UNINSURED. [MP3]."
{A special Public Health Radio documentary}
Show #35 is the first in a two part series
on the health care safety net in the United States. Unlike
all the other developed nations, the United States has allowed
a large portions of its population-about 44 million individuals,
according to the US Census-to go without health insurance.
The high prices of medical care make it difficult for these
individuals to seek care at most doctors offices and hospitals.
A number of institutions-all with varying degrees of public
funding-are specifically designed to address the health
care needs of the poor and uninsured. Taken together, these
institutions are referred to as the health care safety net.
One key safety net institution is the 800
free clinics that have sprouted up across the United States.
Because Vermont has only one community health center and
no public hospitals, its nine free clinics serve a uniquely
important role. In show #35 we interview free clinic volunteers,
staff, and patients to provide a special documentary edition
of Public Health Radio. Their experiences provide insights
into the achievements and limitations of the services that
free clinics are able to offer their patients.
Relevant websites include the National
Association of Free Clinics http://www.nafclinics.org/ and
the Vermont Coalition of Clinics for the Uninsured http://www.vccu.net/.
Other relevant websites are listed under Show #36. |
Program
#46 (November 2004) BUILT
ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH: THE EFFECTS OF URBAN DESIGN
AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ON COMMUNITY HEALTH [MP3]
The built environment—especially metro
areas’ transportation and urban designs--have enormous
impacts on public health--whether the issue is air pollution,
traffic safety, or obesity. But when developers are designing
new neighborhoods, and when public officials are crafting
zoning regulations, they rarely consider what consequences
their plans might have on the health of the community. Similarly,
when metropolitan areas are planning transportation systems,
the public health effects of their transportation plans are
not a major consideration. The September, 2003 issue of the
American Journal of Public Health was exclusively devoted
to the issue of how the urban and suburban community design
affects public health. The guests on this show--Howard Frumkin
and Elliott Sclar--were two of the editors of that issue,
and they join us to discuss the effect of built environment
on public health. . During the discussion, we also look at
some of the fiscal and political obstacles preventing the
creation of an environment that fosters public health
Howard Frumkin chairs the Department of Environmental and
Occupational Health at Emory University, School of Public
Health in Atlanta. Dr. Frumkin was named to EPA’s Children’s
Health Protection Advisory Committee in 2001, where he chaired
the Smart Growth work group. He serves as a Board member of
the state of Georgia’s Clean Air Campaign. He currently
serves on the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Environmental
Health Science. He is author of a recently released book titled
Urban Sprawl and Public Health, available through
Island Press. Elliott Sclar is Professor of Urban Planning
and Public Affairs at Columbia University. He is a leading
figure in the scholarly movement to reconnect the work of
population health experts and urban planners in creating healthier
cities. Professor Sclar has studied and written extensively
on the economic, political and social forces that drive actual
metropolitan land use decisions. While much of his attention
has been focused on the United States, he recently was honored
by his selection as Co-Coordinator of the United Nations Millenium
development project taskforce addressing the health, environmental
and economic impacts of rapid urbanization in the poor countries
of the Global South.
The website of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
provides useful information on the road to urban and transportation
plans that foster public health. The website is: http://www.cdc.gov/node.do/id/0900f3ec8000e044
— click onto the environmental health section of the
website, which lays out health impacts of built environment.
Smart Growth America is a coalition of groups which advocate
for health-promoting growth that supports the local economy
yet protects the environment. The web address is http://www.smartgrowthamerica.com.
Finally, the Surface Transportation Policy Project helps translate
the issues addressed on today’s show into the arena
of legislation and policy. On the web, the project is found
at http://www.stpp.org. |
Program
#45 (October 2004)
WOMEN’S
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD, PART 2: THE
POLICIES OF THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION [MP3]
We continue
our look at reproductive health services in the poor countries
of the global south with guests, Kathy Hall-Martinez and
Wendy Turnbull, two experts in reproductive health. We discuss
the importance of the 1994 Cairo conference, and then turn
to two important policy changes implemented by the Bush
administration. The first is the withdrawal of support for
the United Nations Population Fund, the lead international
agency working in the area of women’s reproductive
health. We then look at the impact of the Bush administration’s
re-institution of the Mexico City policy, also known as
the Global Gag Rule. This policy prohibits recipients of
US development aid from discussing abortion, both with their
patients, and in most other professional contexts.
Wendy Turnbull is the Legislative Policy Analyst for Population
Action International, one of the most prominent organizations
advocating effective population policies that can both address
concerns of population growth and also respect women’s
reproductive rights. Kathy Hall-Martinez is the Director
of the International Legal Program at the Center for Reproductive
Rights, an organization that promotes women’s reproductive
rights both in the US and abroad. Both have worked in numerous
countries across the globe, exploring what policies are
effective in promoting development and empowering women,
and advocating for women’s rights at the United Nations,
the World Health Organization, and in several other venues.
To learn more about the work, as well as the issues discussed
on today’s show, Population Action International’s
web address is http://www.populationaction.org.
The Center for Reproductive Right’s website addresses
the Global Gag Rule in detail, and is accessed at http://www.reproductiverights.org.
To learn more about the United Nations Population Fund,
the website address is: http://www.unfpa.org.
A campaign exists to raise private contributions for the
same amount of money that the US formerly contributed to
the UN Population Fund, $34 Million. That campaign has been
dubbed the “34 Million Friends of UNFPA. The web address
is http://www.34millionfriends.org.
SOME
FINAL THOUGHTS ON UNITED STATES’ DEVELOPMENT POLICIES
IN THE AREA OF WOMEN’S REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Marvin Malek provides a commentary on the United States’
current policies in the area of women’s access to
health services in the developing world.
Dr. Malek is the Host and Co-Producer of Public Health Radio.
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Program #44 (September 2004)
WOMEN'S
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD, PART 1: THE WORK
OF THE US AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT [MP3]
At least one third of pregnancies in the poor countries of
the Global South occur to women who would have used effective
contraception had it been available to them. And many pregnancies
in these countries end in needless infant death and disability,
as well as grave maternal complications. Margaret Neuse discusses
these problems, and describes the work occurring at the clinics
and other facilities the US Agency for International Development
(US AID) supports in the area of women’s health.
Margaret Neuse is the Director of US AID’s Office of
Population and Reproductive Health. Further information on
US AID’s work in women’s health is available at:
http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/pop/.
Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health runs a web
clearinghouse with information on women’s health program
in the developing world. The website is: http://www.infoforhealth.org.
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Program #43 (August 2004)
1)
HYPERTENSION AND 2) THE GLOBAL CAMPAIGN TO ERADICATE POLIO:
SETBACK IN WEST AFRICA [MP3]
HYPERTENSION—UNDERSTANDING
THE SILENT KILLER.
Despite the fact that is is easily identified and treated,
high blood pressure is the leading risk factor for stroke,
kidney failure and vascular disease, and the main identifiable
risk factor in most cases of heart failure. Robert Phillips
joins us for an in-depth discussion of high blood pressure—what
factors lead to high blood pressure, what are the benefits
and risks of treatment, and what can individuals and government
entities do to reduce the toll of suffering caused by high
blood pressure.
Dr. Robert Phillips is the Chairman of the Department of Medicine
at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, and Professor of
Medicine at New York University School of Medicine. Hypertension
is his leading research interest, and he has published numerous
articles on the topic. Currently, Dr. Phillips serves as Eastern
Region President of the American Society of Hypertension,
and is the Associate Editor of the Archives of Internal Medicine,
and serves on the editorial boards of several other medical
journals.
The website of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
has high quality, practical information on hypertension. The
web link is http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov
(Complete link is http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov
/health/dci/Diseases/Hbp/HBP_WhatIs.html)
THE
GLOBAL CAMPAIGN TO ERADICATE POLIO: SETBACK IN WEST AFRICA
The existence of an effective vaccine against polio and
lack of any animal reservoir of the disease allows for the
possibility of completely eradicating polio. A global coalition
led by UNICEF has set the goal of eradicating polio by the
end of 2004. Unfortunately, an eight month long suspension
of vaccination in the Kano state in northern Nigeria has
produced a major setback to the eradication effort. Claire
Hajaj joins us to discuss the status of the polio eradication
campaign.
Claire Hajaj is the chief spokesperson for UNICEF’s
polio eradication program. Further information about the
polio eradication program can be obtained at the UNICEF
website, http://www.unicef.org.
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Program
#42 (July 2004)
THE
CRISIS IN WESTERN SUDAN: THE REFUGEE CRISIS IN DARFUR AND
RESPONSE OF INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCIES [MP3]
A
massive refugee crisis has developed in the Darfur region
of western Sudan since autumn, 2003. Paramilitary gangs
there have driven out much of the native population and
destroyed one village after the next. Current estimates
place the number of refugees at over 1M. The central government
of Sudan done little to defend the native population, and
is in fact widely viewed as supporting the paramilitary
squads. Refugee crises invariably have major impacts on
the health of refugee populations. Lack of sanitation and
the crowded conditions in the refugee camps have led to
infectious diseases, and malnutrition, and war-related injuries
together have meant that the refugee crisis is also a public
health crisis. Roberto DeBernardi and Paula Claycombe, two
members of the staff of Sudan's UNICEF office, visit Public
Health Radio to discuss the public health crisis in Darfur.
Roberto DeBernardi is a medical doctor raised in Genoa,
Italy, who has spent virtually his entire career doing humanitarian
work. He joined the staff of UNICEF in 1988, and has served
as a health and nutrition officer at several different sites
throughout Africa since then. Currently, he is UNICEF's
Senior Project Officer and Chief of Health and Nutrition
at UNICEF's Office in Khartoum, the capital city of Sudan.
Paula Claycombe is UNICEF's Communications Officer at UNICEF's
Khartoum office. She has worked for UNICEF for 15 years,
and prior to that worked for Amnesty International. She
has devoted her career to the promotion of the protection
and development of vulnerable children in some of the world's
poorest countries. The UNICEF website is, http://www.unicef.org..
Doctors without Borders is also heavily involved in medical
aid in the Darfur region. Website is http://www.dwb.org.
To learn more about the political and human rights aspects
conflict in the western Sudan, listeners can access the
website of Human Rights Watch, at http://www.hrw.org and
the International Committee of the Red Cross at http://www.icrc.org. |
Program #41 (June 2004)
1)
PUBLIC HEALTH THREAT OF MERCURY and 2) STATUS OF THE GLOBAL
AGREEMENT ON THE ELIMINATION OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
[MP3]
Most
mercury than enters the environment does through due to
human activity: It is found in many consumer products, and
it emanates from the smokestacks of power plants. Once introduced
into the environment, it concentrates in the biosphere,
achieving very high concentrations in many fish, especially
large predatory fish. Michael Bender describes the environmental
distribution of mercury, as well as its toxicity to humans.
Bender also discusses recent actions of the Bush administration
to delay a previously approved plan that would have rapidly
eliminated mercury release into the environment.
•
Michael Bender is the co-founder of the Mercury Policy Project,
and has directed the Project since 1998. Bender helped form
the Ban Mercury Work Group, an international coalition of
interested organizations that helps coordinate work in various
nations to mitigate the hazard caused by mercury. The Mercury
Policy Project’s website: http://www.mercurypolicy.org.
The Ban Mercury Work Group’s website: http://www.ban.org/Ban-Hg-Wg,
and the International Conference on Mercury as a Global
Pollutant website is: http://www.facome.uqam.ca/facome/home/recursos/eventos/eventos.html.
Recently, the FDA and EPA jointly published a guideline
of dietary advice for minimizing dietary mercury consumption.
That website is: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/admehg3.html
STATUS
OF THE GLOBAL AGREEMENT ON THE ELIMINATION OF PERSISTENT
ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
The
Persistent Organic Pollutants are a group of organic compounds
that serve as insecticides, solvents, and petroleum combustion
products. These compounds cause cancer and damage to a variety
of organic systems, especially the endocrine system. They
are stable for decades, and bioaccumulate up the food chain.
An international treaty negotiation, the Stockholm Convention
on Persistent Organic Pollutants was convened to minimize
exposure to these compounds. While President Bush signed
the agreement, great controversy has arisen concerning how
the Bush administration has proposed to implement the agreement.
Karen
Perry joins us to discuss the issue. Ms. Perry is the Deputy
Director of the Environment & Health Program at Physicians
for Social Responsibility (PSR). PSR’s website is
http://www.psr.org. The
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants maintains
a website http://www.pops.int/documents/convtext/convtext_en.pdf.
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Program
#40 (May 2004)
REFORMING THE MEDICARE PROGRAM, PART 2: THE MEDICARE DRUG
BENEFIT. [MP3]
Public
Health Radio presents the second in a two part series on
the "Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization
Act of 2003" enacted in December, 2003. We start the show
with a report from Al Laprade, a Medicare enrollee and patient
of Dr. Malek, who catalogues the prescription drug costs
he faces each month, and describes the actions he's taken
to reduce those costs. Then Leslie Norwalk, the Deputy Administrator
of the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, describes
the mechanism the Medicare Reform Act relies on to negotiate
prescription drug prices with the pharmaceutical companies.
Because of their critical role in the Medicare Reform Act's
prescription drug benefit, Public Health Radio next takes
an in depth look at the pharmacy benefit management industry
sector. Robert Garis joins us to discuss this industry sector,
and reviews their track record in negotiating with the drug
companies on behalf of private and governmental entities.
Finally, Marvin Malek, host of Public Health Radio, provides
a summary of the Medicare Reform Act, the likely impact
on administrative costs and effort, and its potential to
destabilize the Medicare insurance market. For more information
on the Medicare program, including the reform act, the government's
website in the Medicare program is http://medicare.gov.
Critical analysis of the reform act is available at the
Urban Institute's website www.urban.org, and at the Center
for American Progress Medicare spotlight: http://www.americanprogress.org/site/pp.asp?c=biJRJ8OVF&b=24891
To learn more about the pharmacy benefit management industry,
two articles co-authored by Dr. Garis are especially useful:
1 Garis R, Clark B, Siracuse M, & Makoid, M. Examining the
Value of Pharmacy Benefit Management Companies. Am J Health-Syst
Pharm. 2004; 61:81-85. 2 Garis R, Clark B. The Spread: Pilot
Study of an Undocumented Source of Pharmacy Benefit Manager
Revenue. J Am Pharm Assoc.2004;44:15-21. Leslie Norwalk
JD is a lawyer, and the current Acting Deputy Administrator
of the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the agency
that administers the Medicare program. Prior to serving
in the current Bush Administration, she practiced law in
the Washington, D.C. office of Epstein Becker & Green, P.C.
where she advised clients on a variety of health policy
matters. She also served in the first Bush administration
in the White House Office of Presidential Personnel. Robert
Garis, PhD is an Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences
at Creighton University in Omaha, NE. His primary research
focus has been the pharmacy benefit management companies,
and how that industry has impacted pharmacy costs. Marvin
Malek, MD MPH is the host and co-producer of Public Health
Radio. |
Program #39 (April 2004)
DIABETES
/ The MEDICARE REFORM ACT OF 2003 (Part 1). [MP3].
DIABETES
MELLITUS, THE MODERN EPIDEMIC. UNDERSTANDING DIABETES AND
PREVENTING IT
Robert Rizza discusses diabetes mellitus, a disease that
is mushrooming in the United States and worldwide. We discuss
the difference between the two types of diabetes, how diabetes
is treated, and why it is becoming more and more common.
We also look at personal and societal strategies to prevent
diabetes. Robert Rizza, MD is a Professor in the Department
of Medicine at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine. Dr.
Rizza is a specialist in the field of Endocrinology, with
a research focus on the causes and treatment of diabetes
mellitus. He currently serves as Vice-President of the Board
of Directors of the American Diabetes Association (ADA).
Many useful links on the topic are available at the ADA
website http://www.diabetes.org
REFORMING
THE MEDICARE PROGRAM, PART 1: THE PRIVATIZATION OF MEDICARE
Public Health Radio presents the first in a two part series
on the "Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization
Act of 2003" enacted in December, 2003. This show looks
at the incentives placed into the bill for private insurance
plans and HMOs to participate in the Medicare program, as
well as the incentives for patients to enroll in these plans.
We discuss the implications on enrollees, on the future
stability of Medicare, and on the overall cost of the Medicare
program. Featured guests include Leslie Norwalk, Judy Feder
and Robert Berenson. For more information on the Medicare
program, including the reform act, the government's website
in the Medicare program is http://medicare.gov. Critical
analysis of the reform act is available at the Urban Institute's
website www.urban.org, and at the Center for American Progress
Medicare spotlight: http://www.americanprogress.org/site/pp.asp?c=biJRJ8OVF&b=24891
Leslie Norwalk JD is a lawyer, and the current Acting Deputy
Administrator of the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services,
the agency that administers the Medicare program. Prior
to serving in the current Bush Administration, she practiced
law in the Washington, D.C. office of Epstein Becker & Green,
P.C. where she advised clients on a variety of health policy
matters. She also served in the first Bush administration
in the White House Office of Presidential Personnel. Judy
Feder, PhD is Professor and Dean of Georgetown University's
Public Policy Institute. She also serves as Co-Director
(with Sheila Burke) of the Georgetown University Long-term
Care Financing Project, is a senior advisor to the Kaiser
Family Foundation's Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured,
and is a member of the Commonwealth Task Force on the Uninsured.
Her leading research and policy interest is in understanding
and improving the nation's health insurance system. Robert
Berenson, MD is a Senior Fellow at the Urban Institute.
From April, 1998 until October, 2000 he was Director of
the Center for Health Plans and Providers in the Health
Care Financing Administration, now called the Centers for
Medicare and Medicaid Services. CHPP was the focal point
in HCFA for payment policy and operational issues related
to managed care (Medicare +Choice) plans and health care
providers. Dr. Berenson's research interests include Medicare,
physician payment policy, managed care, and medical ethics.
He has authored numerous articles on these topics, and coauthored
The Managed Care Blues & How to Cure Them, a review and
critique of health maintenance organizations in 1998. |
Program
#38 (March 2004)
OUR
NEIGHBOR TO THE NORTH: THE CANADIAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM.
[MP3].
Despite
its convenient location as our northern neighbor, the news
media in the United States rarely take an in-depth look
at the Canadian health care system. Many observers feel
that Canada would be a useful model for the United States
to achieve universal health care, since Canada provides
health care to all its citizens with only modest out-of-pocket
expenses. Canada leads the United States in every major
category of public health outcome, including infant mortality,
maternal mortality, and life expectancy at every age at
which it is measured for both men and women. And, as is
the case with all the other developed nations, Canada spends
far less than the United States-devoting about 10% of its
GDP to health care, while the US spends over 15% of its
GDP on health costs. Two health two health policy analysts
and two Canadian doctors join us on this edition of Public
Health Radio to provide an in depth look at health care
in Canada.
Catherine
Oliver MD received her training at McGill University,
and has served as a family physician in a poor neighborhood
in Toronto for 15 years. She has previously worked in Tanzania,
as well as in the far north of the province of Ontario.
Joel Lexchin MD has worked in emergency medicine
for over 15 years, and serves on the faculty of the University
of Toronto. He has written extensively on rational drug
prescribing and on the pharmaceutical industry, and in that
area has worked for both the Canadian government and the
World Health Organization.
Hugh Armstrong is a Professor in the School of Social
Work and in the Institute of Political Economy at Carleton
University. With his wife, Pat Armstrong, he has co-authored
several books on health care in Canada.
Pat Armstrong is also an expert on health policy.
She has served as Chair of the Department of Sociology at
York University and Director of the School of Canadian Studies
at Carleton University. Recent books by Pat and Hugh Armstrong:
Wasting Away: The Undermining of Canadian Health Care
Oxford University Press,
Don Mills, Ontario.
Universal Health Care: What the United States Can Learn
from the Canadian Experience The New Press, New York. |
Program
#37 (February 2004)
1)
UPDATE ON HIV: CURRENT STATE
OF THE BATTLE AGAINST THE GLOBAL HIV EPIDEMIC and 2) CERVICAL
CANCER: CAN WE ELIMINATE CERVICAL CANCER IN THE UNITED STATES?
[MP3].
Paul
Zeitz provides an update on the current state of the worldwide
struggle to control the spread of HIV and provide care to
individuals who are HIV infected. Dr. Zeitz discusses breakthroughs
in treatment efficacy, the dissemination of effective treatment
models to poor rural communities, the state of the donor
community, and the effort to provide a reliable supply of
anti-retroviral drugs at prices affordable to the many poor
countries impacted by the epidemic.
Dr.
Paul Zeitz is the Executive Director of the Global AIDS
Alliance, an alliance of organizations working to control
the HIV epidemic across the globe. To learn more about the
worldwide crisis-and the efforts of the public health community
to address it, contact the Global AIDS Alliance at http://www.globalaidsalliance.org/
CERVICAL CANCER: CAN WE ELIMINATE CERVICAL CANCER IN THE
UNITED STATES?
Marie
Savard joins us to discuss the new guidelines developed
by the American Cancer Society to screen for cervical cancer.
We highlight the proper use of a new test available to determine
the presence of the human papilloma virus (HPV) -the causative
agent of most cases of cervical cancer. Susan Crosby then
discusses a new effort by female legislators across the
country to draw attention to the prevention of cervical
cancer
Marie
Savard is a physician specializing in women's health, and
serves as director of the Center for Women's Health at the
Medical College of Pennsylvania, where she is a faculty
member. She is currently the Chair of the Pennsylvania Commission
on Women.
Susan Crosby served in the legislature of the state of Indiana,
and is currently the Deputy Executive Director of Women
in Government, a national organization of women who serve
in state and federal government. More information about
cervical cancer screening is available at the website of
the American Cancer Society, http://www.cancer.org/
and at the website of the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, http://www.cdc.gov/
. The website of the organization "Putting Women's
Health First" is another useful website to explore
the issue of how to prevent cervical cancer. The website
is: http://www.puttingwomenshealthfirst.org/
The website of "Women in Government", the national
organization of female state and federal legislators is
http://www.womeningovernment.org/
.
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Program
#36 (January 2004)
THE
HEALTH CARE SAFETY NET, PART TWO: THE MIGRANT AND COMMUNITY
HEALTH CENTERS, THE NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE CORPS, AND THE
PUBLIC HOSPITALS: PROVIDING CARE FOR THE MEDICALLY UNDERSERVED
AND UNINSURED. [MP3].
The
second part of the two part Public Health Radio series on
the health care safety net looks at four other important
programs that provide care to the poor and uninsured. These
are the community and migrant health centers, the National
Health Service Corps, and the public hospitals. We briefly
explore their history, funding, and the breadth and limitations
of the services each of these safety net institutions offer.
Fitzhugh
Mullan, MD served as Director of the National Health Service
Corps, and later as Assistant Surgeon General. Currently,
in addition to serving as a contributing editor to Health
Affairs and a faculty member of George Washington University's
School of Public Health, he practices pediatrics at the
Upper Cardozo Community Health Center in Washington, D.C.
Gordon Schiff, MD is on the faculty of the University of
Illinois College of Medicine, and an attending physician
at Cook County Hospital. He has served as an attending physician
at Cook County Hospital for nearly 25 years. He served for
ten years as Director of the General Medicine Clinic, the
large internal medicine clinic associated with Cook County
Hospital. He has published extensively on the health care
safety net.
Relevant websites include a major report on the state of
the health care safety net in the US published by the Institute
of Medicine (IOM)in the year 2000. http://www.iom.edu/report.asp?id=5502.
The IOM has also published a landmark series of reports
on the lack of health insurance in the US, and its impacts
on individuals, families, communities, and health providers.
http://www.iom.edu/project.asp?id=4660.
The website of the National Association of Community Health
Centers is http://www.nachc.org/,
and the website of the Bureau of Primary Health Care, which
administers the migrant and community health centers is
http://bphc.hrsa.gov/.
The National Association of Public Hospitals is http://www.naph.org.
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